УДК 371:93
DOI: 10.15507/Inted.078.019.201501.074
FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF SOVIET NATIONAL EDUCATION AT THE SOUTH OF TYUMEN GUBERNIYA
Ermachkova Elena Petrovna
( head of Humanitarian and Natural-Science Disciplines chair of Zavodoukovsk branch of FGBOU VPO Tyumen State University (4, Zawodskaya Str., Zavodoukovsk, Russia), Candidate of sciences (PhD) degree holder in historical sciences, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Tobolsk guberniya, since 1918 – the Tyumen guberniya. The organization of large-scale fight against illiteracy, introduction of a new system of national education, liquidation of old “imperial” school, education of communistic young generation became the main objectives of social significance for the Soviet government. After the armies of Kolchak left Priishimyе an urgent search for teaching staff began – educated soldiers were revoked from the front, graduates or senior students from high schools and religious educational institutions of the country were invited. Classes were held anew in the absence of necessary conditions for children of both sexes. Increase of funds allocated for construction of rural educational institutions has led to mass opening of elementary schools, “semiletkas” (7-year schools), illiteracy fighting stations, units, centres, rural reading rooms, clubs. The analysis of the archival documents, not known to researchers before, allowing tracking of positive and negative consequences of mass fight against illiteracy of the Siberian peasants. For the first time involved in educational process not only children, but also teenagers, adults and elderly peasants, changing their outlook, the relation to the Soviet power. Knowledge and skills received at school and other educational institutions were applied in agriculture, cooperation, the state construction. At the same time, the purpose of the government – fight against illiteracy, officially was executed only by the beginning of the 40th, thus the positive experience and pedagogical technologies connected in representation of Bolsheviks with imperial system of training was liquidated; the considerable part of the illiterate population was unprepared to the accelerated perception of basic concepts of communism and socialism, fundamentals of MarxismLeninism. Ideologization of the Soviet education helped to create a “new” human who is unconditionally trusting to the management which is ready to radical transformations in all spheres of activity of society.
Keywords: Tyumen guberniya; Priishimye; system of national education; elementary vocational school; elementary high schools (I and II stage schools); illiteracy elimination.
For citation: Ermachkova E. P. Formirovanie sistemy sovetskogo narodnogo obrazovanija na juge Tjumenskoj gubernii [Formation of the system of soviet national education at the south of Tyumen guberniya]. Integracija obrazovanija [Integration of Education]. 2015, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 74–81. DOI: 10.15507/ Inted.078.019.201501.074
