DOI: 10.15507/1991-9468.030.202601.010-028
UDC 37:32:81.11
Quality Education – Sustainable Development Goal 4: A Bibliometric Analysis through a Management and Policy Lens
Anshul Verma
Professor of Finance and Economics, Chairperson of the Post Graduate Programme in Management, S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research (SPJIMR) (Bhavan’s Campus, Dadabhai St., Mumbai 400058, Republic of India), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-9701, Scopus ID: 56180827600, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Amol S. Dhaigude
Professor of Operations, Supply Chain Management, and Quantitative Methods, S.P. Jain Institute of Management and Research (SPJIMR) (Bhavan’s Campus, Dadabhai St., Mumbai 400058, Republic of India), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-4026, Scopus ID: 57191374389, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Introduction. Sustainable Development Goal 4 aims to ensure inclusive, equitable, and quality education for all. Systematic understanding of its research landscape from a management and policy perspective remains limited. Given education’s central role in advancing sustainability and evidence-based governance, this study systematically analyses the global Sustainable Development Goal 4 research landscape to identify dominant themes, collaboration patterns, and underexplored areas relevant to management and policy discourse.
Materials and Methods. The analysis is based on 2,164 peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in the Scopus database. Performance analysis and science mapping techniques were conducted using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. Analysis of annual publication trends, top authors and institutions, co-authorship patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic clustering.
Results. Three research clusters emerged: teachers’ attitudes and challenges in inclusive education, professional development and institutional support; cross-cultural perspectives on self-efficacy and teaching quality, reflecting cultural influences on pedagogical practices; e-education and lifelong learning. Analysis shows dominant contributions from the USA, the UK, and Australia, with increasing participation from Asia and Africa as well as strong interdisciplinary links between business, policy, and sustainability. The findings further indicate a strong concentration of research around teacher-related issues and inclusion, alongside a rapid expansion of digital and lifelong learning themes in recent years. Interdisciplinary linkages across education, business, policy, and sustainability domains are also evident.
Discussion and Conclusion. This study maps the evolving research landscape of Sustainable Development Goal 4 and identifies gaps, especially in underrepresented regions. The results offer valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers focused on advancing inclusive and sustainable education worldwide. This study advances Sustainable Development Goal 4 scholarship by exposing systematic thematic and regional imbalances and identifying neglected areas of critical policy relevance. These insights help recalibrate research priorities and support more effective, evidence-informed policy interventions to advance inclusive and sustainable education.
Keywords: Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4), quality education, lifelong learning, bibliometric analysis, educational equity, science mapping, VOSViewer, Biblioshiny
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
For citation: Verma A., Dhaigude A.S. Quality Education – Sustainable Development Goal 4: A Bibliometric Analysis through a Management and Policy Lens. Integration of Education. 2026;30(1):10–28. https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.030.202601.010-028
Authors’ contribution:
A. Verma – formulation of research goals and aims; management activities to produce metadata for initial use and later re-use; application of formal techniques to analyse study data; specifically visualization; specifically writing the initial draft; verification.
A. S. Dhaigude – formulation of research goals and aims; management activities to produce metadata for initial use and later re-use; application of formal techniques to analyse study data; conducting a research and investigation process; development of methodology; designing computer programs; specifically writing the initial draft; specifically critical review.
All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Submitted 25.06.2025;
revised 15.12.2025;
accepted 22.12.2025.
REFERENCES
- Vindigni G. Overcoming Barriers to Inclusive and Equitable Education: A Systematic Review towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4). European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. 2024;1(5):3–47. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2024.1(5).01
- Kioupi V., Voulvoulis N. Education for Sustainable Development: A Systemic Framework for Connecting the SDGs to Educational Outcomes. Sustainability. 2019;11(21):6104. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216104
- Unterhalter E. The Many Meanings of Quality Education: Politics of Targets and Indicators in SDG-4. Global Policy. 2019;10(S1):39–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12591
- Ferguson T., Roofe C. SDG-4 in Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2020;21(5):959–975. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-12-2019-0353
- Saini M., Sengupta E., Singh M., Singh H., Singh J. Sustainable Development Goal for Quality Education (SDG-4): A Study on SDG-4 to Extract the Pattern of Association among the Indicators of SDG-4 Employing a Genetic Algorithm. Education and Information Technologies. 2023;28(2):2031–2069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11265-4
- Zickafoose A., Ilesanmi O., Diaz-Manrique M., Adeyemi A.E. Barriers and Challenges Affecting Quality Education (Sustainable Development Goal#4) in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030. Sustainability. 2024;16(7):2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072657
- Asadullah M.N., Webb A., Islam K.M.M. SDG-4 Mid-Point Challenge: Fixing the Broken Interlinkages between Education and Gender Equality. International Journal of Educational Development. 2024;106:103015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2024.103015
- Alfirević N., Rendulić D., Fošner A. Bibliometric Analysis of the South East European SDG4 Research. In: Ademović N., Tufek-Memišević T., Arslanagić-Kalajdžić M. (eds.) Interdisciplinary Advances in Sustainable Development III. Cham: Springer; 2024. p. 416–428. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71076-6_25
- Kumar D., Shandilya A.K., Bhardwaj V. A Global Perspective on Tourism and Hospitality Education and SDG-4: A Bibliometric Exploration. In: International Conference on Social and Sustainable Innovations in Technology and Engineering (SASI-ITE). 2024. p. 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1109/SASI-ITE58663.2024.00040
- Onopriienko K., Lovciová K., Mateášová M., Kuznyetsova A. Economic Policy to Support Lifelong Learning System Development & SDG4 Achievement: Bibliometric Analysis. Knowledge and Performance Management. 2023;7(1):15–28. https://doi.org/10.21511/kpm.07(1).2023.02
- Khan P.A., Johl S.K., Akhtar S., Asif M., Salamen A.A., Kanesan T. Open Innovation of Institutional Investors and Higher Education System in Creating Open Approach for SDG-4 Quality Education: A Conceptual Review. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2022;8(1):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010049
- Rad D., Redeş A., Roman A., Ignat S., Lile R., Demeter E., et al. Pathways to Inclusive and Equitable Quality Early Childhood Education for Achieving SDG4 Goal – A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:955833. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955833
- Alcántara-Rubio L., Valderrama-Hernández R., Solís-Espallargas C., Ruiz-Morales J. The Implementation of the SDGs in Universities: A Systematic Review. Environmental Education Research. 2022;28(11):1585–1615. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2063798
- Beeharry G. The Pathway to Progress on SDG-4 Requires the Global Education Architecture to Focus on Foundational Learning and to Hold Ourselves Accountable for Achieving It. International Journal of Educational Development. 2021;82:102375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102375
- Smith W.C. An Exploration of SDG 4 Coverage in Voluntary National Reviews. In: Zajda J. (ed.) Third International Handbook of Globalisation, Education and Policy Research. Cham: Springer; 2021. p. 961–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66003-1_55
- Makarenko I.O., Plastun O.L., Petrushenko Y.M., Vorontsova A. SDG-4 and SDG 8 in the Knowledge Economy: A Meta-Analysis in The Context of Post-COVID-19 Recovery. Knowledge and Performance Management. 2021;5(1):50–67. https://doi.org/10.21511/kpm.05(1).2021.05
- Sayed Y., Moriarty K. SDG-4 and the ‘Education Quality Turn’: Prospects, Possibilities, and Problems. In: Wulff A. (ed.) Grading Goal Four. Leiden: Brill; 2020. p. 194–213. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004430365_009
- Boeren E. Understanding Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 On “Quality Education” from Micro, Meso and Macro Perspectives. International Review of Education. 2019;65:277–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09772-7
- Donthu N., Kumar S., Mukherjee D., Pandey N., Lim W.M. How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research. 2021;33:285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
- Kasaraneni H., Rosaline S. Automatic Merging of Scopus and Web of Science Data for Simplified and Effective Bibliometric Analysis. Annals of Data Science. 2024;11(3):785–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40745-022-00438-0
- Singh V.K., Singh P., Karmakar M., Leta J., Mayr Ph. The Journal Coverage of Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions: A Comparative Analysis. Scientometrics. 2021;126:5113–5142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03948-5
- Pranckutė R. Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus: The Titans of Bibliographic Information in Today’s Academic World. Publications. 2021;9(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9010012
- Adarkwah M.A. “I’m Not Against Online Teaching, but What about Us?”: ICT in Ghana Post COVID-19. Education and Information Technologies. 2021;26(2):1665–1685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10331-z
- Giangrande N., White R.M., East M., Jackson J.T.R. A Competency Framework to Assess and Activate Education for Sustainable Development: Addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals 4.7 Challenge. Sustainability. 2019;11(10):2832. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102832
- Alonso-García S., Aznar-Díaz I., Caceres-Reche M.P., Trujillo Torres J.M.. Systematic Review of Good Teaching Practices with ICT in Spanish Higher Education. Trends and Challenges for Sustainability. Sustainability. 2019;11(24):7150. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247150
- Elfert M. Lifelong Learning in Sustainable Development Goal 4: What Does It Mean for UNESCO’s Rights-Based Approach to Adult Learning and Education? International Review of Education. 2019;65(4):537–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09788-z
- Tran T., Hoang A.D., Nguyen Y.C., Nguyen L.C. Toward Sustainable Learning during School Suspension: Socioeconomic, Occupational Aspirations, and Learning Behavior of Vietnamese Students during COVID-19. Sustainability. 2020;12(10):4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104195
- Kohl K., Hopkins C., Barth M., Michelsen G., Dlouhá J., Razak D.A. et al. A Whole-Institution Approach towards Sustainability: A Crucial Aspect of Higher Education’s Individual and Collective Engagement with The SDGs and Beyond. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. 2022;23(2):218–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-10-2020-0398
- McGreal R. Special Report on the Role of Open Educational Resources in Supporting the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education Challenges and Opportunities. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 2017;18(7). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i7.3541
- Del Cerro Velázquez F., Morales Méndez G. Augmented Reality and Mobile Devices: A Binominal Methodological Resource for Inclusive Education (SDG-4). An Example in Secondary Education. Sustainability. 2018;10(10):3446. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103446
- Malinen O.P., Savolainen H., Engelbrecht P., Xu J., Nel M., Nel N., et al. Exploring Teacher Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Practices in Three Diverse Countries. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2013;33:34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2013.02.004
- Yamaguchi N.U., Bernardino E.G., Ferreira M.E.C., de Lima B.P., Pascotini M.R., Yamaguchi M.U. Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature Reviews. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022;30:5502–5515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24379-6
- León-Gómez A., Mora Forero J.A., Santos-Jaén J.M. ABibliometric Analysis of Sustainability Education in Tourism Universities. SAGE Open. 2023;13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231193215
- Leatherman J.M., Niemeyer J.A. Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inclusion: Factors Influencing Classroom Practice. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education. 2005;26(1):23–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901020590918979
- Charitaki G., Kourti I., Gregory J.L., Ozturk M., Ismail Z., Alveriadou A., et al. Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education: A Cross-National Exploration. Trends in Psychology. 2024;32(4):1120–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00240-0
- Woodcock S., Gibbs K., Hitches E., Regan C. Investigating Teachers’ Beliefs in Inclusive Education and Their Levels of Teacher Self-Efficacy: Are Teachers Constrained in Their Capacity to Implement Inclusive Teaching Practices? Education Sciences. 2023;13(3):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030280
- Woodcock S., Sharma U., Subban P., Hitches E. Teacher Self-Efficacy and Inclusive Education Practices: Rethinking Teachers’ Engagement with Inclusive Practices. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2022;117:103802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103802
- Hennessy S., D’Angelo S., McIntyre N., McIntyre N., Koomar S., Kreimeia A., et al. Technology Use for Teacher Professional Development in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Computers and Education Open. 2022;3:100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100080
- Misquitta R., Joshi R. Professional Development for Inclusive Education: Insights from India. International Journal of Inclusive Education. 2024;28(9):1822–1837. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2036831
- Wray E., Sharma U., Subban P. Factors Influencing Teacher Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2022;117:103800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103800
- Savolainen H., Engelbrecht P., Nel M., Malinen O.P. Understanding Teachers’ Attitudes and SelfEfficacy in Inclusive Education: Implications for Pre-Service and In-Service Teacher Education. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 2012;27(1):51–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2011.613603
- Yada A., Tolvanen A., Savolainen H. Teachers’ Attitudes and Self-Efficacy on Implementing Inclusive Education in Japan and Finland: A Comparative Study Using Multi-Group Structural Equation Modelling. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2018;75:343–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.07.011
- Yada A., Savolainen H. Japanese In-Service Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inclusive Education and Self-Efficacy for Inclusive Practices. Teaching and Teacher Education. 2017;64:222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.005
- Wang T., Deng M., Tian G. More Leadership, More Efficacy for Inclusive Practices? Exploring the Relationships between Distributed Leadership, Teacher Leadership, and Self-Efficacy among Inclusive Education Teachers in China. Sustainability. 2022;14(23):16168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142316168
- Kulal A., Dinesh S., Abhishek N., Anchan A. Digital Access and Learning Outcomes: A Study of Equity and Inclusivity in Distance Education. International Journal of Educational Management. 2024;38(5):1391–1423. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-2024-0166
- Meskhi B., Ponomareva S., Ugnich E. E-Learning in Higher Inclusive Education: Needs, Opportunities and Limitations. International Journal of Educational Management. 2019;33(3):424–437. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2018-0282
- Sunthonkanokpong W., Murphy E. Quality, Equity, Inclusion and Lifelong Learning in Pre-Service Teacher Education. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability. 2019;21(2):91–104. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2019-0019
- Benavot A., Hoppers C.O., Lockhart A.S., Hinzen H. Reimagining Adult Education and Lifelong Learning for All: Historical and Critical Perspectives. International Review of Education. 2022;68(2):165–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-022-09955-9
- Gabriel F., Marrone R., Van Sebille Y., Kovanovic V., de Laat M. Digital Education Strategies around the World: Practices and Policies. Irish Educational Studies. 2022;41(1):85–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.2022513
- Mulaudzi L. Evaluating Impact: South Africa’s E-Education White Paper on Digital Equity and PostCOVID Education Leadership. Cogent Education. 2024;11(1):2415749. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2415749
- Ainscow M. Promoting Inclusion and Equity in Education: Lessons from International Experiences. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 2020;6(1):7–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1729587

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.